Other EU
The European Commission Explained – TLDR News
TLDR Store: https://www.tldrnews.co.uk/store
TLDR TeeSpring Store: https://teespring.com/stores/tldr-spring
The EU is a complicated organization, made up of many people and institutions. In this video we break down what the European Commission is, what it does and how it’s chosen.
Follow TLDR on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/tldrnewsuk
Follow TLDR on Twitter: https://twitter.com/tldrnewsuk
Follow TLDR on Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/tldrnewsuk
Join the TLDR Discord: https://discord.gg/BMrk6MC
Support TLDR on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/tldrnews
Learn About Our Funding: https://tldrnews.co.uk/funding
Donate by PayPal: https://tldrnews.co.uk/funding
TLDR is all about getting you up to date with the news of today, without bias and without filter. We want to give you the information you need, so you can make your own decision.
TLDR is a super small company, run few people with the help of some amazing volunteers. We are primarily fan sourced with most of our funding coming from donations and ad revenue. No shady corporations, no one telling us what to say. We can’t wait to grow further and help more people get informed. Help support us by subscribing, following and backing on Patreon. Thanks!
source
Other EU
Has Meloni’s Immigration Policy Backfired?
Order a copy of Too Long: https://toolong.news/TL009
Since being elected, Meloni has had a major influence over the EU’s immigration policy, but the new Migration and Asylum Pact may have major consequences for Italy. So what exactly is in the new pact? And has Meloni’s hardline policy backfired?
📰 Too Long: https://toolong.news/
🎉 TLDR Party: https://toolong.news/pages/tldr-party
📖 Read our Manifesto: https://tldrnews.co.uk/manifesto
Our mission is to explain news and politics in an impartial, efficient, and accessible way, balancing import and interest while fostering independent thought.
TLDR is a completely independent & privately owned media company that’s not afraid to tackle the issues we think are most important. The channel is run by a small group of young people, with us hoping to pass on our enthusiasm for politics to other young people. We are primarily fan sourced with most of our funding coming from donations and ad revenue. No shady corporations, no one telling us what to say. We can’t wait to grow further and help more people get informed. Help support us by subscribing, engaging and sharing. Thanks!
///////////////////////
Sources:
https://newsbriefing.eu/politics/meloni-hardens-migration-rhetoric-as-far-right-rival-vannacci-gains-ground
https://en.ilsole24ore.com/art/number-of-migrants-rises-repatriations-up-34-per-cent-in-the-first-six-months-AJVKjkm?refresh_ce=1
https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/pact-migration-and-asylum_en
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:0031:0059:en:PDF
https://italytelegraph.com/posts/italy-blocks-80000-migrant-transfers-what-the-eu-pact-really-changes-for-residents
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/08/21/sweden-plans-to-send-migrants-to-italy-france-and-spain-reject-dublin-transfers
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/08/21/sweden-plans-to-send-migrants-to-italy-france-and-spain-reject-dublin-transfers
https://www.eunews.it/en/2026/08/12/five-eu-member-states-are-considering-building-a-repatriation-centre-in-uganda/
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/10/04/giorgia-meloni-pushes-italy-s-migration-strategy-as-a-model_6728172_4.html
https://www.irreview.org/articles/2024/10/27/giorgia-meloni-is-offshoring-migration-to-solve-italys-immigration-concerns-now-the-rest-of-europe-is-interested-too
https://www.frontex.europa.eu/media-centre/news/news-release/frontex-irregular-border-crossings-down-26-in-2025-europe-must-stay-prepared-lyKpVb
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/08/italy-disastrous-offshore-agreement-with-albania-must-serve-as-a-wake-up-call-to-end-eus-cruel-migration-plans/
https://brusselssignal.eu/2026/08/vannacci-sanchez-is-right-on-immigration-meloni-is-a-fiasco/
https://www.yahoo.com/news/politics/articles/deputy-premier-salvini-rome-not-193326174.html
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/08/21/sweden-plans-to-send-migrants-to-italy-france-and-spain-reject-dublin-transfers
https://italytelegraph.com/posts/italy-blocks-80000-migrant-transfers-what-the-eu-pact-really-changes-for-residents
https://italianismo.com.br/com-44-meloni-lidera-avaliacao-enquanto-partidos-perdem-espaco/
source
Other EU
Why Russia’s Hybrid War Doesn’t Feel so Hybrid
Order a copy of Too Long: https://toolong.news/TL009
Over the past few weeks, there have been many reports of Russian hybrid incidents across Europe. With reported drone incursions and explosives at a German airport, we’re looking into the escalating Russian hybrid war and why it no longer feels so hybrid.
📰 Too Long: https://toolong.news/
🎉 TLDR Party: https://toolong.news/pages/tldr-party
📖 Read our Manifesto: https://tldrnews.co.uk/manifesto
Our mission is to explain news and politics in an impartial, efficient, and accessible way, balancing import and interest while fostering independent thought.
TLDR is a completely independent & privately owned media company that’s not afraid to tackle the issues we think are most important. The channel is run by a small group of young people, with us hoping to pass on our enthusiasm for politics to other young people. We are primarily fan sourced with most of our funding coming from donations and ad revenue. No shady corporations, no one telling us what to say. We can’t wait to grow further and help more people get informed. Help support us by subscribing, engaging and sharing. Thanks!
///////////////////////
Sources:
POLITICO: Russia’s ‘hybrid’ war isn’t so hybrid
https://www.politico.eu/article/russias-hybrid-war-on-europe-is-starting-to-look-a-lot-less-hybrid/
Germany says Russia responsible for drone incident
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5ylm3m67n2o
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/germany/article/2026/09/01/germany-blames-russia-for-airport-drone-incident-hits-back-with-sanctions_6757058_146.html?srsltid=AfmBOorxo7cxCO7l0TFHlXxatD1xyz1S0UqgldCRST2dfYnQWOCJYFzH
EU-NATO talks on German drone incident
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/09/02/von-der-leyen-russian-drone-incidents-in-europe-are-the-new-normal
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/09/01/von-der-leyen-pledges-response-to-russian-hybrid-attacks-ahead-of-rutte-meeting
Russian hybrid warfare (Aug/Sep 2026)
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/31/poland-opens-terror-probe-into-fire-at-drone-factory
https://www.politico.eu/article/romania-jet-blasts-drone-near-offshore-gas-production-platform/
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/08/20/nato-jets-scrambled-as-drone-enters-romanian-airspace
Analysis
https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2026/07/why-russia-could-escalate-hybrid-warfare-against-europe
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/where-and-how-putin-could-expand-his-war-in-europe-beyond-ukraine/
Russian drone incidents (September 2025)
https://youtu.be/bnt3CNXMPo0?si=RwEWSEx_4Vt69gSb
00:00 – Introduction
01:28 – Context
04:34 – Why It Doesn’t Feel So Hybrid
07:38 – Too Long
source
Other EU
Why the German Economy Suddenly Looks Alright
Pre-order a copy of Too Long: https://toolong.news/TL009
After years of stagnation, German’s economy might finally look to be on the up. In this video, we’re taking a look at the latest data and ask whether Germany has finally turned the corner.
📰 Too Long: https://toolong.news/
🎉 TLDR Party: https://toolong.news/pages/tldr-party
📖 Read our Manifesto: https://tldrnews.co.uk/manifesto
Our mission is to explain news and politics in an impartial, efficient, and accessible way, balancing import and interest while fostering independent thought.
TLDR is a completely independent & privately owned media company that’s not afraid to tackle the issues we think are most important. The channel is run by a small group of young people, with us hoping to pass on our enthusiasm for politics to other young people. We are primarily fan sourced with most of our funding coming from donations and ad revenue. No shady corporations, no one telling us what to say. We can’t wait to grow further and help more people get informed. Help support us by subscribing, engaging and sharing. Thanks!
//////////////////////////
Sources
German GDP data 2019-2025
https://www.economist.com/europe/2025/10/23/germanys-much-ballyhooed-autumn-of-reforms-is-a-damp-squib
Germany polls
https://www.politico.eu/europe-poll-of-polls/germany/
https://www.economist.com/europe/2026/08/31/how-the-alternative-for-germany-would-govern
Revised destatis data
https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Economy/National-Accounts-Domestic-Product/_node.html
https://substack.com/home/post/p-211829645
IMF estimates for GDP growth in 2026
https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDP_RPCH@WEO/EU/EURO/EUQ/IDN
Ifo institute data
https://www.ifo.de/en/facts/2026-06-18/ifo-economic-forecast-summer-2026-energy-price-increase-acting-brake-fiscal-policy
https://www.ifo.de/en/survey-results
Germany trade data
https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/deu/germany/trade-balance-deficit
https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/exports-to-china
https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/DEU/Year/LTST/Summarytext
https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/exports
Indices
https://live.euronext.com/en/financial-news/german-manufacturing-growth-accelerates-august-orders-surge-pmi-shows
https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/manufacturing-pmi
https://www.ifo.de/en/survey-results
source
Other EU
Why Iceland is Not Joining the EU
Take back your privacy- start using Proton Mail for free: http://proton.me/tldr
Pre-order a copy of Too Long: https://toolong.news/TL009
Yesterday, Iceland held a referendum on restarting negotiations to rejoin the European Union, 13 years after negotiations were frozen. With the results now in, we’re taking a look at what happened and what it means for the future.
📰 Too Long: https://toolong.news/
🎉 TLDR Party: https://toolong.news/pages/tldr-party
📖 Read our Manifesto: https://tldrnews.co.uk/manifesto
Our mission is to explain news and politics in an impartial, efficient, and accessible way, balancing import and interest while fostering independent thought.
TLDR is a completely independent & privately owned media company that’s not afraid to tackle the issues we think are most important. The channel is run by a small group of young people, with us hoping to pass on our enthusiasm for politics to other young people. We are primarily fan sourced with most of our funding coming from donations and ad revenue. No shady corporations, no one telling us what to say. We can’t wait to grow further and help more people get informed. Help support us by subscribing, engaging and sharing. Thanks!
//////////////////////////
Sources:
https://www.dw.com/en/icelands-eu-vote-a-nation-divided-over-europe/a-78285133
https://www.reuters.com/world/narrow-majority-icelanders-back-eu-membership-talks-poll-shows-ahead-referendum-2026-08-26/
https://www.ruv.is/english/2025-01-09-poll-majority-support-eu-negotiations-432591
https://nordics.info/show/artikel/icelands-relationship-with-the-eu
https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/iceland
https://newunionpost.eu/2026/02/26/iceland-referendum-eu-accession-talks/#:~:text=hold%20a%20referendum%20on%20reopening%20Iceland%E2%80%99s%20EU%20accession%20talks
https://cb.is/news-and-publications/article/monetary-bulletin-2026-3
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-19/iceland-hikes-key-rate-to-8-to-lower-risk-of-prices-spiraling
https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/iceland-eu-referendum-3fqw92st9
https://thefishingdaily.com/icelandic-fishing-industry-news/icelandic-fishing-industry-points-to-ireland-in-eu-warning/
https://www.reuters.com/world/fish-ships-sovereignty-iceland-weighs-its-european-future-2026-08-19/#:~:text=defined%20Iceland’s%20independence%20since%20it%20broke%20away%20from%20Denmark
https://island-esb.is/en/kostnadur/
https://www.ruv.is/english/2026-08-29-iceland-rejects-eu-accession-talks-485377
00:00 – Introduction
01:09 – Context
03:06 – The Two Sides
05:35 – The Final Result
07:38 – Proton Mail
source
Other EU
Should the EU Back Canada Against Trump?
Take back your privacy- start using Proton Mail for free: http://proton.me/tldr
Pre-order a copy of Too Long: https://toolong.news/TL009
Earlier this week, a trade war broke about between the US and Canada. But the EU, a more Canada-aligned ally, appears to have a pretty muted response so far. So, in this video, we’re taking a look at the escalating US-Canada trade war, how it’s pushing Canada towards the EU and how the EU is responding.
📰 Too Long: https://toolong.news/
🎉 TLDR Party: https://toolong.news/pages/tldr-party
📖 Read our Manifesto: https://tldrnews.co.uk/manifesto
Our mission is to explain news and politics in an impartial, efficient, and accessible way, balancing import and interest while fostering independent thought.
TLDR is a completely independent & privately owned media company that’s not afraid to tackle the issues we think are most important. The channel is run by a small group of young people, with us hoping to pass on our enthusiasm for politics to other young people. We are primarily fan sourced with most of our funding coming from donations and ad revenue. No shady corporations, no one telling us what to say. We can’t wait to grow further and help more people get informed. Help support us by subscribing, engaging and sharing. Thanks!
//////////////////////////
Sources:
US–Canada trade war
https://www.ft.com/content/7ced71c2-03b8-4569-a68d-14624a7e83f2?syn-25a6b1a6=1
https://www.ft.com/content/e3b5c236-bd5f-45c2-8ddf-5279a7375d3f?syn-25a6b1a6=1
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2026/08/25/us/trump-news-tariffs
https://www.politico.com/news/2026/08/25/us-canadian-trade-war-political-will-01048491
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/aug/26/wednesday-briefing-how-canada-has-turned-a-trade-dispute-into-a-defence-of-its-sovereignty
https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/speeches/2026/08/22/prime-minister-carney-delivers-remarks-canada-us-trade-negotiations
https://youtu.be/NhEN07dahhw?si=8f4ggIhGGdy3uAy0
Europe’s response
https://www.politico.eu/article/trade-war-mark-carney-middle-powers-alliance/
https://www.politico.eu/article/canada-mark-carney-to-attend-eus-state-of-the-union-ursula-von-der-leyen/
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/08/25/canada-walked-away-from-trump-could-the-eu-ever-do-the-same
https://www.eunews.it/en/2026/08/25/trumps-tariffs-steer-canada-towards-the-eu-which-welcomes-the-move/
Canada–EU relations
https://international.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/corporate/reports/chief-economist/annual/2025
https://www.politico.eu/article/canada-pact-defense-eu-mark-carney-partnership/
https://youtu.be/GxWtq2ZLfgs?si=_zmZ-0_vtF7EhZrk
Canadian polling on joining the EU
https://yougov.com/en-gb/articles/54662-should-canada-be-allowed-to-join-the-european-union
https://ygo-assets-websites-editorial-emea.yougov.net/documents/Canadians__Opinions_on_Politics_poll_results_syetMgu.pdf#page=3
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canadians-support-becoming-member-european-union-nanos-poll/
source
-
Tech EU News3 years agoeuronews U talk – Education: Balancing costs and benefits of the Bologna process
-
Another Europe News2 years agoVideo: Vigilantes chase, whip women in ‘anti-prostitution’ raid on Peru night club
-
Tech EU News3 years agoBattery power: the hunt for stable renewable energy storage
-
Another Europe News2 years agoG7 summit looks to bolster recovery – economy
-
Tech EU News3 years agoHamas elects Yahya Sinwar as Gaza leader
-
Sports EU1 year ago
🏴 EFL CHAMPIONSHIP STADIUMS 2025/26
-
Sports EU2 years ago
INVINCIBLE. 🏆 | The best of Granit Xhaka for Bayer Leverkusen in 2023/24 🔥
-
Fashion3 years agoGo Behind The Scenes with Vanessa Hessler for Clips Fall/Winter 2012-13 Campaign Shoot | FashionTV
-
Sports EU2 years ago
Miedema strikes to get Arsenal back on track ⚡ | Arsenal 1-0 Everton | WSL highlights
-
Sports EU2 years ago“There’s got to be a clear-out” 😤 | What’s next for Rangers after Celtic defeat?

@valentinapettersson2812
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
TERROR IS BAD
@tnhnoztel
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
these videos imo are more complicated than they have to be
@aaronhrynyk
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
If the EU isn’t a government, how are their laws enforced? And are they even laws?
@muflon77
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
EU- pure nazi organisation run by Germany
@nikosvasilakis5510
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
by the legal listen the politicians in the old system in east Germany and in the oldie in Russia found many politicians in illegal them and they shut them in the near gardens in the secrecy also them also the wife's also with own kids put in the grafe in the forest and thousands till today never found them on out new politicians in E.U. allow those macabre half dead stories and the few general main problems we found few List of scandals and missteps involving lies to e.u. citizens …not allowed by not any Law
listen in illegal ways in Greece and they allowed in E..U. THE CHAIRMAN van the E.U. the, Mrs,Ursula von der Leyen, she allowed in .E.U also, Mr, the, President of the European Council, he allowed in GREECE those illegal listen without an serious country, also the Vice President Mr. Frans Timmermans, European Commission Executive Vice President for the European Green Deal, he also NO Complain to Greece to few Colonels of those special forces and Mr Timmermans NEVER COMPLAIN AHHH HE NOT CARE ABOUT IN E.U. only he take his salary,,, we never on our the many TV stations in Greece those heads of the in Brussel Government they did NOT allowed those east old works and those works in the past east Germany listen the politicians the people also with terrors actions, and now with sabotage each others,,and so far we known in Holland DID NOT allowed those terrorist actions against to listen the main politicians people own militere own woman talks ours Families they listen all = are 100 % illegal NOT any listen,, with own husbands with own kids,,,and those practice did not allowed in HOLLAND NOT IN GERMANY NOT IN BELGIUM NOT IN AUSTRIA — why those people still allowed in E.U.ALL E.U.COUNTRIES..on ours eyes are an JUNTA IN BRUSSELS !! why those Goverment here this Heads why did NOT PROTECT THE E,U, 455. million Nations !!! of 27,countries who put them in Brussels are there to,[protect the all people in the 27.countries,, and here have an BIG Mistake all of them them,,, the Presidency & The President & The Vice President have the Holy Obligation tom protect ours life all of us we are together European citizens,, here we accuse yours for fro an illegal practicals all of yours play an double game to,us the all,of us the 190.million families you not fare away you keep the truth., you all,of yours keep the serious the holy truth. we are looking an Judge department in the Den Haag to on the front of the Justing Department. for lies in obligation of duties to the Nation. special to ours Greek Nation says the truth are LAW DOIT
-NOT – OF YES —yours faithfully
General Counselor CEO.
of the Democratic penal Nikos Vasilakis
Athens Greece.
@evanfelthman4692
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
So the European Commission is higher than the Union ?
@ninirema4532
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Super smart
Coming now peace in there.
Living peace can coming human development .🌋🗻🏕🏡🌏🏝🏞🏜🐐🐷🐃🐂🏔🏝
@churchmusicfreesheetmusic3931
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
THE EU is not an Economic Institution but a Pastor with hand pointing finger!!!!
@joonasturunen8999
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
There actually is a political agreement between the Commission and the Parliament about removing individual Commissioners. When the Parliament expresses lack of confidence in an individual member of the the Commission, the President of the Commission has to request the resignation of that Commissioner which they must follow under EU law or to explain to the Parliament why she refuses to do so.
@zrusit9640
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
4:55 this is how it is written down and how it "should" work but in reality, what European parliament does is that it actually does choose individual members even though it should actually approve Commision as a whole even though it has no right to do that, but it is tolerated
@TheHollandHS
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
We should compare the EU structure to each national structures of the member states how they differ to get the picture . Including the UK who left the EU.
@merkeet
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
There is a growing anti EU sentiment within the memberstates and its people. I used to be pro-EU, but in the end the EU is responsible for a lot of problems created by her and the ruining of the lives of a lot of people. They are working towards a dictatorial superstate in which you aren't even the owner of your own body. I envy the Britts, they have a brighter future.
@andybray9791
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
All the Liberal Democrat’s were pro Eu but the liberal party (had true liberal policies unlike the donkeys of American democrats, were against it since Maastricht)
@robinspat
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Abandoned me
The problem with EU is it failed to protect millions like me in UK who grew up as an EU citizen, never wanted a UK referendum in 2016, voted Remain, as forced to vote, and have had EU citizenship an rights ripped off me and nothing from EU to me in aid, or lifeboat. Nothing at all. 14 million or more British Remain voters just walked away from by EU as though we were nothing and are still nothing.
Remember if EU can treat us British (Welsh) EU Remain voters with such disregard when we most needed EU protection… what about you in your EU country? Why would EU parliament, commission, courts etc not simply cast you away too, as inconvenient?
I am one of the abandoned, I’m still an EU citizen in my head but I’ve been left as waste at the side of the road?
Why?
@steakismeat177
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Can the commission one of it's own
@enemy-rogue
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
You have a territory and laws, thats a state. the commision is the real ruling body in the end and only listens to top bureaucrats and politicians, who in turn couldn't care less about what their voters back home think. the institution is not much more democratic than china's system of government.
@anti_western_eugenicists
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Fascists
@undefined6341
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
why 10 minutes on this? It's the dumping ground for politicians who fail upwards. Terrible at any actual productive work, but great at dogma and brandishing the ideology.
@SuperTonyony
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Jesus! That is alot of ads!
@editorrbr2107
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Why even have an EUP and MEPs? This is an incredibly undemocratic, nearly all powerful body that saws off the very notion of sovereignty at the knees. Yuck.
@conner5644
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
not trump's signature being on one of the paper or contract animations lol
@stevenmoody7834
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
EU won't be long there grow anti EU
@anti_western_eugenicists
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Fascists
@gobacktohell6062
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
FREXIT
@Watergox
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
I really like this video. However, I think it tends to overstate the complexity of the EU system (which is some kind of a narrative topos). There is a number of academics that have argued that you could really speak about EU institutions as you would speak of any state institution. After all, the Council (although more powerful) is comparable to the Bundesrat, the commission looks very much like a government (and for what concerns its two level structure, italy does the same with ministri and sottosegretari) and the parliament, well, its a parliament. The only two really relevant differences are: the rule of unanimity (that should be scrapped) and the fact that the Council acts at the same time as some sort of an head of state for the European Union, which is kind of confusing.
@republikaekosoves1021
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Plese help urgently Kosovo🇽🇰 for COVIT-19 with VACCINES 🤲🙏✔
@otsoaunola9515
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
How does selling pro eu merch effect your claim of beign non biased
@secondtide3521
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
Thierry Breton, not 'Brenton'.
@thesmoker2118
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
the eu IS A MISTERY TO SAWHY IT WAS CREATED IF THERE WAS NO AWWAR IN EUROPE AND MOSTR SOUTHER COUNTRIES ARE NOT FIGHTING COUNTRIES…
i reckon was or is a way of sucking money…
@busukevm8288
February 14, 2024 at 8:11 am
two points:
1. I believe since the EU is a group of nations, its legislation should be ratified more as a normal treaty , with leeway for delegated legislation to carry out the finer details of the laws (with options for EU Council and Parliament to intervene).
2. The European Parliament as the representative of EU citizens should be able to initiate new legislation.